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breech block - перевод на русский
![An [[L1A1]] disassembled to show the tilting breechblock. The breechblock fits inside the slide. There is a [[chamfer]] (A) on the top rear of the breechblock and a corresponding internal chamfer in the slide. For the chamfer (B), there are corresponding inclines machined inside the slide. A return spring acts on the rod at the rear of the slide, pushing the slide forward. As the breech closes, the slide acts on the chamfer (A), to push the breechblock down into a recess in the receiver and lock the breech. Upon firing, the gas piston pushes the slide rearward. The ramp within the slide acts on chamfer (B), tilting the rear of the breechblock up to disengage it from the recess and unlock the breech.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsj-uuhGdCY How a FN FAL works], , accessed 8 July 2021.</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/L1A1 receiver and components.jpg?width=200 "An [[L1A1]] disassembled to show the tilting breechblock. The breechblock fits inside the slide. There is a [[chamfer]] (A) on the top rear of the breechblock and a corresponding internal chamfer in the slide. For the chamfer (B), there are corresponding inclines machined inside the slide. A return spring acts on the rod at the rear of the slide, pushing the slide forward. As the breech closes, the slide acts on the chamfer (A), to push the breechblock down into a recess in the receiver and lock the breech. Upon firing, the gas piston pushes the slide rearward. The ramp within the slide acts on chamfer (B), tilting the rear of the breechblock up to disengage it from the recess and unlock the breech.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsj-uuhGdCY How a FN FAL works], , accessed 8 July 2021.</ref>")
![[[Springfield Model 1888]], breech open](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Springfield Trapdoor breech open.JPG?width=200 "[[Springfield Model 1888]], breech open")
![A [[TOZ-17]] [[cadet rifle]] chambered for [[.22 long rifle]] which has been disassembled. The bolt is locked by the bolt handle being dropped into a notch in the receiver.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ТОЗ-17 разобр.JPG?width=200 "A [[TOZ-17]] [[cadet rifle]] chambered for [[.22 long rifle]] which has been disassembled. The bolt is locked by the bolt handle being dropped into a notch in the receiver.")
![bolt]]. There is a third "emergency" lug in front of the bolt handle, in case the primary ones fail under pressure. In some designs the bolt handle itself may serve as the emergency "lug".](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MauserSystem98Verschluss-03.jpg?width=200 "bolt]]. There is a third \"emergency\" lug in front of the bolt handle, in case the primary ones fail under pressure. In some designs the bolt handle itself may serve as the emergency \"lug\".")
![[[AR-15]] bolt carriers showing multiple locking lugs on the bolts](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rugersrcarrier.jpg?width=200 "[[AR-15]] bolt carriers showing multiple locking lugs on the bolts")
![A [[Lee-Enfield]] Mk III rifle with the bolt pulled back. The bolt lugs lock into the receiver bridge and are rear-locking.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6e-H4XFOG78 How a Lee Enfield works], accessed 8 July 2021.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SMLEAction.jpg?width=200 "A [[Lee-Enfield]] Mk III rifle with the bolt pulled back. The bolt lugs lock into the receiver bridge and are rear-locking.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6e-H4XFOG78 How a Lee Enfield works], accessed 8 July 2021.")
![The [[Winchester Model 1200]] uses a rotating bolt.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5dazbwDOuM Winchester 1200 Firing Pin removal], accessed 6 July 2021.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Winchester1200Def-2.jpg?width=200 "The [[Winchester Model 1200]] uses a rotating bolt.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5dazbwDOuM Winchester 1200 Firing Pin removal], accessed 6 July 2021.")
![The [[Browning BLR]] lever action uses a rotating bolt.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHLDzCFrjm0 Browning BLR Review and Accuracy Report], accessed 8 July 2021.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Browning BLR.jpg?width=200 "The [[Browning BLR]] lever action uses a rotating bolt.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHLDzCFrjm0 Browning BLR Review and Accuracy Report], accessed 8 July 2021.")
![The [[Desert Eagle]] is a gas-operated, semi-automatic pistol using a rotating bolt.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yct-fd7FUEE 3D Animation: How a Desert Eagle works], accessed 8 July 2021.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Desert Eagle beside a box of Speer 325 Grain HP.jpg?width=200 "The [[Desert Eagle]] is a gas-operated, semi-automatic pistol using a rotating bolt.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yct-fd7FUEE 3D Animation: How a Desert Eagle works], accessed 8 July 2021.")
![Looking at the breech of a [[Sharps rifle]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sharps falling block action.jpg?width=200 "Looking at the breech of a [[Sharps rifle]]")
![[[Ruger No. 1]] single-shot falling-block rifle in [[.243 Winchester]] with custom barrel with action open](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ruger no1 243 right open.jpg?width=200 "[[Ruger No. 1]] single-shot falling-block rifle in [[.243 Winchester]] with custom barrel with action open")
![The open breech of an [[Ordnance QF 25-pounder]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/25 pounder breech CMHM Brantford.jpg?width=200 "The open breech of an [[Ordnance QF 25-pounder]]")
![M101A1 Howitzer]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/M101A1 Howitzer Breech and Carriage 20121013a.jpg?width=200 "M101A1 Howitzer]]")
![The [[Spencer repeating rifle]] uses a falling breechblock (F) mounted in a carrier (E). Figure{{nbsp}}1, shows the breechblock raised. Firing forces are contained by the receiver at the rear of the breechblock.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Spencer rifle diagram.png?width=200 "The [[Spencer repeating rifle]] uses a falling breechblock (F) mounted in a carrier (E). Figure{{nbsp}}1, shows the breechblock raised. Firing forces are contained by the receiver at the rear of the breechblock.")
![The opened breech on a [[Snider-Enfield]] showing operation of the ejector](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Snider breach open-extract.JPG?width=200 "The opened breech on a [[Snider-Enfield]] showing operation of the ejector")
![The side hinged breechblock of the [[Joslyn rifle]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Joslyn rifle closeup.jpg?width=200 "The side hinged breechblock of the [[Joslyn rifle]]")
![M1867 Werndl–Holub]] rifle](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wanzlbazaar.jpg?width=200 "M1867 Werndl–Holub]] rifle")
![75 mm Field Gun Model 1897 M1]] (US designation)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/75mm1897BreechMechanismDiagram.jpg?width=200 "75 mm Field Gun Model 1897 M1]] (US designation)")
![Section of the [[Martini–Henry]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Martini henry lock section.png?width=200 "Section of the [[Martini–Henry]]")
![Peabody rifle]], which has an external hammer](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peabody rifle.jpg?width=200 "Peabody rifle]], which has an external hammer")
![hammer]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Krag Petersson 1.jpg?width=200 "hammer]].")
![magazine]] under the barrel. On cocking, a new round is presented to the open breech but must be manually inserted into the chamber.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Krag Petersson 2.jpg?width=200 "magazine]] under the barrel. On cocking, a new round is presented to the open breech but must be manually inserted into the chamber.")
![The [[M1895 Lee Navy]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/M1895 US Navy Straight Pull Rifle.jpg?width=200 "The [[M1895 Lee Navy]]")
![The [[FN Trombone]] is a pump-action rifle that uses a side-locking tilting block.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FN Trombone.jpg?width=200 "The [[FN Trombone]] is a pump-action rifle that uses a side-locking tilting block.")
.jpg?width=200 "The underside of an FN Trombone breechblock. As the action is closed, the rear of the breechblock is pushed sideways to lock in a recess in the side of the receiver.")
.jpg?width=200 "The slide of the FN Trombone (top view) is connected to the pump handle. The pin on the slide engages with the recess in the bottom of the breechblock to lock and unlock the breech.")
![A cutaway drawing of the Bren gun. It fires from an [[open bolt]] and is shown cocked, ready to fire. The Breechblock (24) is carried by the slide (18). The rear of the breechblock tilts up into a recess to lock it closed.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArsBC8HWiOs Bren MkI: The Best Light Machine Gun of World War Two], accessed 16 July 2021.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cutaway_drawing_of_Bren_gun.png?width=200 "A cutaway drawing of the Bren gun. It fires from an [[open bolt]] and is shown cocked, ready to fire. The Breechblock (24) is carried by the slide (18). The rear of the breechblock tilts up into a recess to lock it closed.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArsBC8HWiOs Bren MkI: The Best Light Machine Gun of World War Two], accessed 16 July 2021.")
![The [[Henry rifle]] uses a toggle to lock the breechblock in place.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry Rifle Receiver open.JPG?width=200 "The [[Henry rifle]] uses a toggle to lock the breechblock in place.")
![The [[Maxim gun]] employs a toggle-lock mechanism.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EB1911 - Machine Gun - Fig. 9.—Maxim Gun Mechanism.jpg?width=200 "The [[Maxim gun]] employs a toggle-lock mechanism.")
![Drawing of [[Mannlicher M1886]] showing the locking pawl on the underside of the bolt.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/0306Grave.jpg?width=200 "Drawing of [[Mannlicher M1886]] showing the locking pawl on the underside of the bolt.")
![The [[Walther P38]] employs a locking piece underneath the breech, similar to the Mannlicher M1886 rifle.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1943 Mauser P.38 Locking Block.jpg?width=200 "The [[Walther P38]] employs a locking piece underneath the breech, similar to the Mannlicher M1886 rifle.")
![M1911A1 pistol]] disassembled and showing the locking grooves on the barrel.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1911A1-JH02.jpg?width=200 "M1911A1 pistol]] disassembled and showing the locking grooves on the barrel.")
![Luger]] with breech opened, showing the jointed, toggle, locking arm in its most bent position.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luger IMG 6761b.jpg?width=200 "Luger]] with breech opened, showing the jointed, toggle, locking arm in its most bent position.")
![Roller locks in the [[CZ 52]] pistol. When fired, slide and barrel move rearward but the locking piece in the slide is held by the tab indicated by the pointer.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Locktab.jpg?width=200 "Roller locks in the [[CZ 52]] pistol. When fired, slide and barrel move rearward but the locking piece in the slide is held by the tab indicated by the pointer.")
![16-inch Mk 6 gun]] on [[USS Alabama (BB-60)]], 1943. Note the four separate thread "steps" on the block which engage with matching steps in the breech when the block is swung up and inwards and then rotated slightly clockwise. The design allows thread to be machined on four-fifths of the circumference but requires only a one-fifth turn to disengage. A conventional interrupted thread would have thread on only half of its circumference and would need to be much longer to achieve the same strength.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sailor looking into the breech of 16 inch gun aboard USS Alabama (BB-60).jpg?width=200 "16-inch Mk 6 gun]] on [[USS Alabama (BB-60)]], 1943. Note the four separate thread \"steps\" on the block which engage with matching steps in the breech when the block is swung up and inwards and then rotated slightly clockwise. The design allows thread to be machined on four-fifths of the circumference but requires only a one-fifth turn to disengage. A conventional interrupted thread would have thread on only half of its circumference and would need to be much longer to achieve the same strength.")
![Mechanism comparison between Ross Mk III (1910) with multi-thread locking lugs and Mk II** (1907) with two solid lugs, similar to a [[Mauser 98]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ross Mk II - Mk IIISB2007.jpg?width=200 "Mechanism comparison between Ross Mk III (1910) with multi-thread locking lugs and Mk II** (1907) with two solid lugs, similar to a [[Mauser 98]]")
['bri:tʃblɔk]
существительное
военное дело
затвор
![Breech birth position seen on [[MRI]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Beckenendlage MRT.jpg?width=200 "Breech birth position seen on [[MRI]]")
['bri:tʃbeibi]
разговорное выражение
ребёнок
родившийся ягодицами или ногами вперёд
Определение
Википедия
A breechblock (or breech block) is the part of the firearm action that closes the breech of a breech loading weapon (whether small arms or artillery) before or at the moment of firing. It seals the breech and contains the pressure generated by the ignited propellant. Retracting the breechblock allows the chamber to be loaded with a cartridge.
Breechblocks are categorised by the type or design of the mechanism by which it is locked or closed for firing. The firearm action more fully refers to the mechanism by which the operator actuates the opening and closing of the breech.
